Exercise for Osteoporosis: Bone Density and Fracture Prevention
Journal: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Year: 2011
Authors: Howe TE, Shea B, Dawson LJ, et al.
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000333.pub2
Key Findings
- Weight-bearing exercise improves bone mineral density in the spine
- Multi-component exercise programs reduce fall risk
- Combined exercise (resistance + weight-bearing) is most effective
- Exercise is safe for most people with osteoporosis when properly prescribed
This Cochrane Review analyzed 43 randomized controlled trials involving 4,320 participants to evaluate the effects of exercise on bone mineral density and fracture prevention in people with osteoporosis.
The review found that weight-bearing exercise and resistance training improved bone mineral density at the spine, and multi-component exercise programs reduced fall risk. The combination of resistance training with weight-bearing activity produced the best outcomes for bone health.
Safe Exercise Guidelines
Patients with osteoporosis should avoid high-impact activities and spinal flexion exercises. A physiotherapist should prescribe an individualized program that includes weight-bearing activities, resistance training, balance exercises, and postural education.