Recovering from a Sports Concussion: A Physiotherapy Guide

Concussions are a form of mild traumatic brain injury common in contact sports. Recovery requires a structured, graduated approach to ensure complete healing before returning to sport. Physiotherapy plays an important role in managing symptoms and guiding safe return to activity.

Acute Phase: Relative Rest (24-48 Hours)

The initial 24-48 hours after concussion should involve relative rest — both physical and cognitive. Avoid screen time, reading, bright lights, and loud environments. Light walking is acceptable if it doesn't worsen symptoms. Sleep is essential for brain recovery. Do not return to sport during this phase.

Gradual Return to Activity (Days 3-14)

After the initial rest period, gradually introduce light activities. If symptoms worsen, step back. The protocol includes: light aerobic exercise (walking, stationary cycling), sport-specific training without impact, non-contact training drills, and full-contact practice. Each stage requires 24 hours without symptom return.

Vestibular and Cervical Rehabilitation

Many concussion patients experience dizziness, balance problems, and neck pain. Vestibular therapy includes gaze stabilisation exercises, balance training, and habituation exercises. Cervical spine treatment addresses whiplash-type injuries that often accompany concussions. Both are essential for complete recovery.

Return to Sport Criteria

Before returning to full sport participation, you must: be symptom-free at rest and during exertion, have no medication affecting symptoms, have normal vestibular and balance function, have full range of motion in the cervical spine, and receive clearance from a healthcare professional. Never rush the return-to-sport process.